Liver fibrosis and fatty liver has been related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. We investigated the association between liver fibrosis and steatosis assessed with transient elastography and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. This study retrospectively included patients who underwent transient elastography between March 2012 and December 2013. The study outcome was a composite renal outcome of a ≥ 50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate or the incident end-stage renal disease. During the follow up period (median 5.96 years), the composite renal outcome event occurred in 24 (4.82%) patients. There were 142 (28.51%) patients with significant liver fibrosis (>8.0 kPa) and 222 (44.58%) patients with fatty liver (>250 dB/m). Liver stiffness (per 1kPa) was significantly associated with CKD progression (hazard ratio[HR] 1.058, 95% CI 1.031-1.085, p<0.001). In multivariable Cox analysis, significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with increased risk of CKD progression (hazard ratio 6.70, 95% CI 2.22-20.22, p < 0.001). However fatty liver was not associated with CKD progression. In this study, significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with increased risk of CKD progression.