Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem. Chronic kidney disease is a general term for heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney structure and function. The prevalence of chronic kidney failure in Indonesia in 2013 was 0.2% and has increased to 0.38% in 2018. The study was aimed to identify the prevalence of CKD in rural and urban communities.   The data used are secondary data from Basic Health Research from 2013 to 2018. This research is an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The samples taken were ≥15 years old The prevalence of CKD in men (0.3%) is higher than that of women (0.2%), and the prevalence of CKD is higher in rural communities (0.3%) than urban communities in 2013. In 2018, the prevalence of CKD in men (0.42 %) is also higher than women (0.35%), and the prevalence of CKD in rural and urban communities is 0.38% respectively. The prevalence of CKD in men has increased from 0.3% to 0.42%, as well as the prevalence of CKD in women from 0.2 to 0.35%. The prevalence of CKD in urban and rural communities has also increased in the span of 5 years. Setting an appropriate diet, controlling blood pressure and blood sugar are the prevention of CKD. Examination of kidney function is important to identify the presence of kidney disease as early as possible so that effective management can be given.