Currently the practice of transplantation in muslim societies is urgent. Tranplantation, especially organ donation for transplantation, are necessary to human life. Therefore, the need and the demand for transplants are increasing all over the world muslims. This study aims to describe the role of religion on discourses and practice of transplantation in muslim countries. The authors analyze the fatwas of islamic scholar (the ulama) and the attitudes of the muslim societies in responding to the fatwa of ulama about transplantation practices and organ donations. This research used a critical review and it used sociology of religion perspective in explaining these phenomenon. To complement the existing data, the authors search information from previous studies through both journal articles and book references. The results of this study has found that there was ambivalance within discourses of tranplantation and organ donation in the world of muslim countries. Religious institutions have supported people to help others through the spirit of Islamic altruism. Conversely, religious beliefs have restricted the practice of transplantation. The institution of religion played a significant role to suggest transplantation of body organ for human life, however there have been many people did not yet accept it, where in particular religious concerns was an important reason why Muslim societies decline listing to donate organ.   Key words: Transplantation, muslim countries, organ donation, religion