Objective: The study was a cross-sectional, retrospective design, with convenience sample, 78 patients who had been in the PD in the First Central Hospital of Mongolia with at least three months of therapy were included. The study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the MNUMS, and each patient signed the informed consent form. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the patients’ charts and included the following information: age, gender, etiology of renal disease, concomitant diseases, body mass index (BMI), length of PD, Kt/V full, iron, ferritin, creatinine, urea and medications. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dl. Methods: Patients were on PD for 18 months, and the majority of them (89.8%) received CAPD. The mean age was 43.4±11.8 years, and 52.56% were male and 67.95% were CGN. Anemia was present in 51 (75%) patients. Hb levels correlated negatively with PTH (r = -0.53; p = 0.001) and positively with albumin (r = 0.32; p = 0.007), total Kt/V (r = 0.56; p = 0.001) and renal Kt/V (r = 0.48; p = 0.003). In multiple analyses, age (beta = -0.07; 95% IC = -0.13-0.016; p = 0.01), duration of PD (beta = -0.05; 95% IC = -0.1-0.01; p = 0.02), albumin concentration (beta = 0.17; 95% IC = 0.04-0.3; p < 0.01) and renal Kt/V (beta = 2.21; 95% IC = 0.28-4.1; p = 0.02) were independently associated with Hb levels. Results: 75% of PD patients had anemia. Age, duration of PD, PTH, albumin concentration total Kt/V, and renal Kt/V were the factors associated with the occurrence of anemia in this population. Conclusions: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors in patients undergoing PD in a single center. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, retrospective design, with convenience sample, 78 patients who had been in the PD in the First Central Hospital of Mongolia with at least three months of therapy were included. The study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the MNUMS, and each patient signed the informed consent form. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the patients’ charts and included the following information: age, gender, etiology of renal disease, concomitant diseases, body mass index (BMI), length of PD, Kt/V full, iron, ferritin, creatinine, urea and medications. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dl. Results: Patients were on PD for 18 months, and the majority of them (89.8%) received CAPD. The mean age was 43.4±11.8 years, and 52.56% were male and 67.95% were CGN. Anemia was present in 51 (75%) patients. Hb levels correlated negatively with PTH (r = -0.53; p = 0.001) and positively with albumin (r = 0.32; p = 0.007), total Kt/V (r = 0.56; p = 0.001) and renal Kt/V (r = 0.48; p = 0.003). In multiple analyses, age (beta = -0.07; 95% IC = -0.13-0.016; p = 0.01), duration of PD (beta = -0.05; 95% IC = -0.1-0.01; p = 0.02), albumin concentration (beta = 0.17; 95% IC = 0.04-0.3; p < 0.01) and renal Kt/V (beta = 2.21; 95% IC = 0.28-4.1; p = 0.02) were independently associated with Hb levels. Conclusions: 75% of PD patients had anemia. Age, duration of PD, PTH, albumin concentration total Kt/V, and renal Kt/V were the factors associated with the occurrence of anemia in this population.