Objective: This observational retrospective study identified patients admitted at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2013 and December 2013 who developed CA-AKI or HA-AKI. Demographic data and clinically relevant variables were retrieved from electronic medical records. Short- and long-term patient survival and renal survival were analyzed. Methods: AKI incidence was 14.3% (CA-AKI 4.8% and HA-AKI 9.5%). Highest 30-day and 1-year mortality was recorded in the CA-AKI group (p <0.001). Compared to CA-AKI stage 1 patients, HA-AKI stage 1 patients were less likely to die within 30 days (p 0.005) and 1 year of AKI diagnosis (p 0.038). This higher mortality risk in CA-AKI patients was also observed among more severe AKI stages after adjustments for age, sex, comorbidities, baseline and discharge creatinine, and nephrology referral. AKI severity was an independent predictor of short- and long-term mortality. When compared to stage 1 CA-AKI, an increasing 30-day mortality risk were observed for more severe CA-AKI (stage 2 HR 2.69, p 0.001 and stage 3 HR 4.35, p <0.001). There was no difference in short-term renal survival between both groups. However, more CA-AKI patients developed end stage renal disease (ESRD) within 1 year (p <0.001). Of the markers of renal function analyzed, discharge creatinine was the most consistent predictor of 30-day and 1-year mortality (p <0.001), and renal survival among CA-AKI and HA-AKI patients. Results: In conclusion, patients with CA-AKI had worse short- and long-term outcomes compared to HA-AKI patients. AKI severity and discharge serum creatinine were significant independent predictors of 30-day and 1-year mortality. Conclusions: Objective: Acute kidney injury, an increasingly common occurrence among hospitalized patients worldwide, carries a significant risk for adverse outcomes. This study aimed to compare incidence, short- and long-term outcomes of all stages of community-acquired (CA-AKI) and hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI), and identified predictors for such outcomes. Methods: This observational retrospective study identified patients admitted at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2013 and December 2013 who developed CA-AKI or HA-AKI. Demographic data and clinically relevant variables were retrieved from electronic medical records. Short- and long-term patient survival and renal survival were analyzed. Results: AKI incidence was 14.3% (CA-AKI 4.8% and HA-AKI 9.5%). Highest 30-day and 1-year mortality was recorded in the CA-AKI group (p <0.001). Compared to CA-AKI stage 1 patients, HA-AKI stage 1 patients were less likely to die within 30 days (p 0.005) and 1 year of AKI diagnosis (p 0.038). This higher mortality risk in CA-AKI patients was also observed among more severe AKI stages after adjustments for age, sex, comorbidities, baseline and discharge creatinine, and nephrology referral. AKI severity was an independent predictor of short- and long-term mortality. When compared to stage 1 CA-AKI, an increasing 30-day mortality risk were observed for more severe CA-AKI (stage 2 HR 2.69, p 0.001 and stage 3 HR 4.35, p <0.001). There was no difference in short-term renal survival between both groups. However, more CA-AKI patients developed end stage renal disease (ESRD) within 1 year (p <0.001). Of the markers of renal function analyzed, discharge creatinine was the most consistent predictor of 30-day and 1-year mortality (p <0.001), and renal survival among CA-AKI and HA-AKI patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with CA-AKI had worse short- and long-term outcomes compared to HA-AKI patients. AKI severity and discharge serum creatinine were significant independent predictors of 30-day and 1-year mortality.