Ultrasound is being used more and more by nephrologists, especially in hemodialysis vascular access (VA). Ultrasound is a universally available non-invasive tool that provides information about the physiology and shape of structures such as kidneys or blood vessels without contrast agents or radiation. Ultrasound can be used across the spectrum of dialysis approaches, including central venous catheter placement, vessel mapping, local anesthesia, creation, maintenance and evaluation of hemodialysis VA, and evaluation of abdominal wall and peritoneal dialysis catheter placement. In addition, doppler ultrasound is useful in evaluating the blood flow in the VA and in evaluating problems such as VA dysfunction (stenosis, thrombus or aneurysmal change etc.). However, the lack of education in ultrasound in most training or educational programs limits the routine use of ultrasound in nephrology practice. Therefore, in this presensation, we would like to discuss the essential situation in which the nephrologist can apply ultrasound to the treatment of VA and the appropriate ultrasound examination method.