Objectives: Smoking leads to high morbidity and mortality, but the only proven treatment for this is smoking cessation. We aimed to determine the effects of antioxidant vitamin E and C intake and these serum levels on mortality in relation to smoking status. Methods: We used NHANES data from 1999 to 2014 to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E intake and serum levels according to smoking status on all-cause mortality and included adults 18 years of age and older. To further analyze the effect of smoking on mortality, smoking status was divided according to current smoking dose and duration of quitting. Results: The highest vitamin C intake group was associated with a lower risk of death in ≥40 cigarettes smoked per day current smoker, and former smokers. The higher serum level of vitamin c was associated with a lower risk of death in current smokers. The middle high and highest vitamin E intake groups were significantly associated with lower mortality risk in former smokers, and compared with the lowest vitamin E intake group, all the other vitamin E intake groups were significantly associated with lower mortality risk in never smokers. However, the level of vitamin E was not significantly related to death according to smoking status. Conclusions: In current smokers, vitamin C intake and serum levels, and in non-smokers and former smokers, vitamin E intake were significantly associated with lower mortality risk, respectively.