Objectives: This population-based study aimed to assess the seasonal variation in hip fracture among end-stage kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs). Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance System database from January 2012 to December 2017, the monthly counts of hip fracture were calculated among HD patients (n = 77,420) and KTRs (n = 8,921). Monthly fraction of hip fracture was calculated accounting for the variation in the number of days in months and years and number of patients. Seasonal fraction of hip fracture was calculated by averaging monthly fractions by four seasons of each year. Monthly incidence ratio was calculated by dividing each month’s adjusted hip fracture counts by the 12-month averaged counts. Cosinor analysis was performed to examine the seasonality of incidence ratio of hip fracture. Results: The 6-year averaged monthly fraction of hip fracture was lowest in July and highest in October in HD patients, and lowest in February and highest in November in KTRs. The 6-year averaged seasonal fraction was lowest in summer and highest in winter in HD patients, and lowest in summer and highest in autumn in KTRs, both without statistical significance. The incidence ratio was lowest in June and highest in January in HD patients, and lowest in August and highest in November in KTRs. In Cosinor analysis, HD patients showed a significant seasonality in hip fracture incidence, a trough in summer, and a peak in winter (P = 0.002), while KTRs did not exhibit a statistical significance (P = 0.293). Conclusions:  Incident hip fracture was more frequent in winter and less frequent in summer in HD patients, whereas KTRs did not show a seasonal trend.