Objectives: Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a kidney dysfunction sustained more than seven days and less than 90 days, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a kidney dysfunction sustained more than 90 days. From the previous studies, CKD was studied as a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the impact of AKD on the incidence of AKI was not fully studied.   Methods: This is a multi-center retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to ICU at the 3rd affiliated hospitals from January 2011 to December 2020. Patients without serum creatinine data before hospital admission or end-stage kidney disease were excluded. We divided patients into three groups based on the kidney health status within 1 year of hospital admission; no kidney disease (NKD), AKD, and CKD. We defined AKI by KDIGO serum creatinine criteria. We compared the incidence of AKI in ICU by baseline kidney health status.   Results: During the study period, 48,834 were admitted to ICU and a total of 7,153 were eligible for analysis. The population was all Asian, median age of 67 (18-110) years, and 57.6% were male. At baseline, 4,792 (66.6%) had NKD, 926(12.9%) had AKD, and 1,465(20.5%) had CKD. In ICU, AKI was observed in 2,389(33.4%) out of 7,153 patients. The incidence of AKI was more common in AKD (53.7%) or CKD (50.4%) compared to NKD (24.2%). Among the 2,389 AKI patients, stage 3 AKI was the most common in CKD (63.0%) followed by AKD (37.2%) and NKD (19.7%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: 12.9% of the patients had AKD at hospital admission, and AKI was frequent and severe in AKD, which was comparable to those of CKD. This study implies the significance of recognizing AKD in the clinical management of ICU patients.