Objectives: High dietary fiber intake is associated with low systemic inflammation and retarded progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is still unknown whether carbohydrate quality is associated with CKD. Carbohydrate-to-fiber intake ratio (CF ratio) is a simple and easy way to assess quality of carbohydrate in foods. Thus, we evaluated the relationship between CF ratio and prevalent CKD in Korean adults. Methods: We included 19933 individuals aged ≥ 18 years participated in the KNHANES 2016 to 2019. Dietary carbohydrate and fiber intake was measured by 24-hr dietary recall method. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or presence of proteinuria ≥ 1+ by dipstick test. Results: The mean age was 51.9 years and 43.2% of participants were men. When participants were categorized into two groups based on CF ratio of 10, participants with CF ratio ≥ 10 had higher energy intake, but lower protein intake than those with CF ratio <10. After adjusting for confounding factors, high dietary fiber intake was associated with lower prevalent CKD (odds ratio [OR] per 1g increase, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.982-0.996; P = 0.003), but total carbohydrate intake was not (OR per 1g increase, 0.999; 95% CI, 0.998-1.001; P = 0.381). Therefore, high CF ratio was associated with high prevalent CKD (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.003-1.026; P = 0.016), and CF ratio greater than 10 was associated with 24.4% higher prevalence of CKD (OR, 1.244; 95% CI, 1.049-1.477; P = 0.012). Conclusions: High CF ratio was associated with increased prevalence of CKD in Korean adults. Therefore, further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the effect of high fiber and low carbohydrate intake on incidence of CKD.