Objectives: Comparative study of survival rates in dialysis patients, depending on the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 165 patients (90 men, 75 women) in 3 different dialysis centers in Uzbekistan. The study lasted for 30 months. The mean age was 48.1±14.1 years. Among the examined dialysis patients, 56% of patients (52 men and 40 women) had CVD and 44% of patients (38 men and 35 women) did not have CVD. The main CVDs were arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure and various arrhythmias. Survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: After 30 months of follow-up, 43.6% of all patients died, 56.4% survived. In dialysis patients with CVD, sudden cardiac death accounted for 63% (n=30) of all causes of death, while in patients without CVD it was 59% (n=14). The average duration of hemodialysis in survivors (33.0±5.4) was higher than in the deceased (28.6±3.9). The study of the further fate of patients showed that among the deceased patients, 68.1% (n=49) of patients had cardiovascular diseases, and among the survivors, 53.7% (n=44) did not have cardiovascular diseases. 31.7% more patients without CVD continued to receive dialysis than those with diagnosed CVD. Dialysis patients with CVD who died within 30 months of prospective follow-up had 39.6% more deaths than those without CVD. Survival in patients with CVD was 0.44, and in patients without CVD it was 0.67. Conclusions: Cardiovascular comorbidity adversely affects the survival of dialysis patients in Uzbekistan. In dialysis patients without cardiovascular disease in our country, the survival rate is 33% higher than in patients with CVD. These data in practical terms force us to reconsider the strategy of managing these patients in favor of a strict system of prevention and treatment of CVD, which has significant prospects for increasing survival and referral to kidney transplantation.