Objectives: To study the survival rate of the rural population of dialysis patients in Uzbekistan. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of the rural population in the Syrdarya region. We observed 92 patients for 36 months. Group A included 54 patients without CVD. Group B consisted of 38 patients with CVD. Results: 41,4% of all patients survived and continued to receive hemodialysis, 12.7% of patients underwent a kidney Tx and 45.9% patients died. During the first 12 months, 38% patients died, in the next 12 months another 28% patients died, and 34% patients died within 12 months of a 3-year observation. In group A, 47.1% patients survived, 14.7% underwent Tx, and 38.2% patients died. In group B, 29.6% continued to receive HD, 11.1% underwent kidney transplantation, and 59.3% patients died. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, S (t) in group A was 0.568 [95% confidence interval(CI) 0.39-0.75], and in group B it was 0.346[95% CI 0.15-0.54]. Conclusions: A 36-month prospective analysis of the survival rate of dialysis patients in the rural population of Uzbekistan shows that more than half of patients die during follow up. The analysis shows that dialysis patients without CVD have a 63.9% higher survival rate than patients with CVD.