Case Study: Background: Renal impairment has been often observed during Salmonella infection. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is thought to be mainly due to shock, dehydration, or rhabdomyolysis. However, the mechanism of AKI in non-typhoid salmonella infection and impact on kidney function remains unclear. We investigated clinical course and incidence of renal function deterioration in adult patients with Salmonella infection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of hospitalized adult patients for acute diarrhea from April 2021 to September 2021. Patients underwent stool multiplex PCR testing. Diarrhea onset for more than 2 weeks, underlying chronic GI diseases (IBD or GI cancer), outpatients, and use of contrast dye for CT imaging were excluded. A total of 303 patients who conducted PCR testing, only 79 patients (26%) were included. Biologic parameters, incidence of AKI and clinical outcomes were compared between patients infected with Salmonella and patients with other gastrointestinal infections. AKI was defined according to the creatinine criteria of KDIGO classification, based on the level of initial serum creatinine level upon admission and baseline. Results: A Total 79 patients, 25 (31%) patients were proven salmonella infection. AKI, defined according to KDIGO guideline (increase in serum creatinine by 0.3mg/dL or more, increase in serum creatinine to 1.5 times baseline) was observed in 13 (52%) patients infected by Salmonella but only 13 (24.1%) in non-salmonella group (p=0.014). The proportion of AKI stage was severe in Salmonella group, with higher initial and peak creatinine level. Incidence of bacteremia (p=0.014) and dialysis (p=0.035) were significantly higher in Salmonella group compared with non-salmonella group. Conclusion: Salmonella infection was associated with increased AKI incidence and more severe clinical course. It may induce bacteremia and require renal replacement therapy. Therefore, early detection of salmonella pathogen and prompt treatment are important to avoid devastating effect on the renal system.