Kidney-resident immune cells may have a role in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. In mouse kidneys, most resident immune cells are kidney-resident macrophages, and their residency in the tubulointerstitial area may affect both inflammatory and repair process after initiation of glomerulitis and tubulitis. Herein, we identified that VISTA molecule is constitutively expressed in kidney-resident macrophages. This expression confers negative signal to counterpart T cells, and thus, inhibits proliferation and activation of infiltrated T cells after acute tubular and glomerular injuries. This indicates that the VISTA-positive macrophages may participate in the repair process after injury or tune down the injury degree. Investigations of the renal immune system should not be restricted to mice but expanded to humans because there may be potential differences between these species. However, information on resident immune cells in human kidneys is lacking. We found that the kidney residency of immune cell subsets differ between mice and human kidneys. Analysis of predominant immune cell subsets and their function in human kidneys may enhance our understanding of homeostasis and disease, and will provide valuable insight into options for intervention.