The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant and growing problem that has become acknowledged globally as an important cause of severe morbidity and mortality. As with all acute and chronic diseases, CKD is the result of a complex combination of genetic and environmental variables, reflecting the balancing of nature versus nurture. Especially, socioeconomic status (SES) which is one of the main social determinants may mediate biological, cultural, and environmental determinants that impact CKD. SES is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality, and many other health problems including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. SES may contribute to a complex and conjoining set of social determinants that combine to affect health outcomes. When considering health disparities, it is crucial to recognize the complexities of quantifying SES. Most evidence define SES using the generally available indicators of income, education, and occupation. Although these surrogate measures may not completely represent an individual’s SES, they remain the most accessible way of evaluating SES.  Altering the social determinants of health, although difficult, could entail significant policy and research initiatives, with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for CKD patients and reducing inequities between groups. Since some social determinants of health are modifiable through education, social support, and governmental health policies, investigating the influence of SES on the outcome of CKD is essential. Thus, it is one of the important roles of nephrologists and other clinicians who care for CKD patients to understand social factors, and how these issues may disrupt appropriate disease management. In this session, the overall influence of SES on CKD and the aspects to be considered as a nephrologist for the treatment of the patients will be summarized.