Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of all populations worldwide, with about 2 million people requiring dialysis. Although patients with CKD are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and events, they are often underrepresented or excluded in clinical trials, leading to important knowledge gaps about how to treat these patients. The objective was to identify key issues related to the optimal detection, management, and treatment of central aortic disease, and peripheral artery disease in the setting of CKD. This report outlines the common pathophysiology of these  vascular processes in the setting of CKD, describes best practices for their diagnosis and management, summarizes areas of uncertainty, addresses ongoing controversial issues, and proposes a research agenda to address key gaps in knowledge that, when addressed, could improve patient care and outcomes.     Table 1. Gaps in knowledge and research recommendations for central aortic disease and CKD     Table 2. Gaps in knowledge and research recommendations for PAD and CKD     Reference Kidney International (2021) 100, 35–48;