The number of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) exceeded 100,000 in 2018. Since then, the number of patients has steadily increased. In particular, the prevalence of hemodialysis (HD) patients is closely driving the increase in ESKD prevalence. Similar to the increment in prevalence, the incidence of ESKD also tends to increase overall. On the other hand, the incidence of HD patients, which has a large influence on its incidence, seems to be stalled in recent years. However, it is still unclear whether the incidence of ESKD attains to plateau. In terms of the treatment modality of ESKD patients, more than 80% of patients are undergoing renal replacement therapy with HD. Kidney transplantation has shown a rapid upward trend since 2010, but in recent years its number has stagnated at around 2000 per year. The decline in brain-dead donations appears to be related to the stagnant number of kidney transplants, which is a challenge that needs to be solved in the future. The major causes of ESKD in Korea are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, and cystic kidney disease. However, other causes, such as lupus nephritis and vesicoureteral reflux, account for close to 10%, and the proportion of patients whose cause remains unknown is still about 15%. The gender distribution of patients receiving dialysis is consistently greater in males. The average age of ESKD patients continues to increase, with a growth of the proportion of elderly patients. The aging tendency of patients with ESKD is commonly observed in diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, which are the main causes of ESKD.