Vascular calcification can be divided, according to the location, into intimal calcification and medial calcification. Intimal calcification is a process that coincides with the development of atherosclerosis with the same risk factors. The risk factors for medial calcification is similar to intimal calcification except that renal dysfunction is closely related to the development of medial calcification. In this talk, we will discuss the pathophysiology and the clinical significance of intimal and medial calcification.