Objectives: The water consumed comes from several sources, such as taps, groundwater, springs, rainwater, and surface water. Consumption of water containing pollutants can cause chronic renal illness. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the link between providing groundwater and the occurrence of chronic renal illness. However, few studies have been conducted in Indonesia on chronic renal illness due to glomerulonephritis. This study aims to examine the relationship between consumption of groundwater and the prevalence of chronic renal illness due to glomerulonephritis in Indonesia. Methods: The prevalence of drinking water sources is obtained from the provincial Indonesian Population Census, where there is data on water sources. Data on water sources include tap water, pumps, bottled water, groundwater, springs, surface water, and rainwater. chronic renal illness data due to glomerulonephritis was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Indonesian Population Census and GBD data were taken specifically for 2019. The data was then subjected to the Pearson correlation test. Results: The average use of protected groundwater is 19.65%, and the average use of unprotected groundwater is 5.68%. Meanwhile, the average prevalence of chronic renal illness was 282.27 cases. The Pearson correlation test showed that the p-values of protected groundwater (R: 0.945; p: 0.005) and unprotected groundwater (R: 0.961; p: 0.002) had a significant effect on disease prevalence. Conclusions: Drinking groundwater has indeed been linked to the occurrence of chronic renal illness brought on by glumerulonephritis.