Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern, with an increasing prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) observed worldwide. ESKD imposes a significant burden on healthcare resources and results in high mortality rates, morbidity, and diminished quality of life. Early identification and management of CKD can help attenuate progression to ESKD and prevent cardiovascular complications. Approaches to early detection include "case finding," which targets specific at-risk populations for early disease detection, and "population screening," involving large-scale screening of the entire population. Key risk factors for CKD encompass diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), in addition to a positive family history of kidney disease, HIV or hepatitis C infection, kidney disorders, autoimmune diseases, kidney stones, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Common diagnostic methods entail urine and blood tests to assess albumin levels and estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with supplementary tests like kidney ultrasound performed as necessary. In this lecture, we reviewed research findings and the utility of early detection of chronic kidney disease.