The ideal modern dialysis membrane 1. Performance : high removal rates of fluid and a broad spectrum of small and large uraemic toxins without inadvertent loss of albumin ex) high flux membrane and medium cut off dialyzer 2. Biocompatibilty : 1.limiting the effects of unavoidable interactions between blood/artificial surfaces of the extracorporeal circuit. ex) cellulose based membrane >> synthetic membrane, synthetic membrane : blending, Physical surface treatment, surface chemical functionalization 3. Cytotoxicity: prevention of reaching of substances from the membrane and entering tissues, causing cell reactions 4. Sterilisation: utmost safety for patients must be ensured during each treatment session, efficient sterilisation procedures are required without changing membrane characteristics 5. Endotoxin retention: as dialysis fluids could potentially be contaminated with bacterial endotoxins