Objectives: The study focuses on the complex relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD), a significant public health concern due to its clinical repercussions. Obesity is a known risk factor for CKD's development and progression, influenced by various mechanisms such as hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity. These elements can predispose individuals to CKD and exacerbate its complications. Histopathological changes linked to obesity, like obesity-related glomerulopathy, and associated conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, further elevate CKD risks. Estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in obese individuals, crucial for CKD classification and medication dosage, presents additional challenges. This relationship's complexity extends to the role of adipokines in reducing oxidative stress in renal cells, suggesting intricate signaling pathways in obesity-induced kidney injury. Maternal obesity's influence on the offspring's CKD risk highlights obesity's long-term impact on kidney function, stressing the importance of intergenerational health. Methods: In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis investigated obesity, measured by body mass index, as a predictor of end-stage renal disease in adults. Twenty four databases were searched for relevant cohort studies, considering adults with obesity but no prior renal disease who progressed to CKD. The Revman software facilitated data analysis. Results: Results revealed a relative risk of 1.60 (95%CI: 1.57–1.63) for obese individuals developing CKD compared to the non-obese population. This study confirms obesity as a crucial risk factor in CKD's prevention. Conclusions: The relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires extensive study. Choi & Ha emphasize evaluating long-term effects of treatments like bariatric surgery on CKD. Lee et al. find intra-abdominal fat a major risk factor, especially in normal-weight individuals. Yim & Yoo investigate obesity's intricate roles in CKD. These studies underscore the significance of understanding obesity's prolonged impact on CKD, underscoring the necessity for continuous research and public health focus.