Objectives: Anemia is a risk factor for early withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis (PD); however, its influence on stable PD patients is not established. We investigated the relationship between anemia and PD withdrawal in stable PD patients. Methods: Forty-three PD patients underwent multiple peritoneal equivalent tests (PET) between September 2011 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Hb ≥ 11 g/dL (22 patients) and Hb < 11 g/dL (21 patients) at the time of first PET, and subsequent PD withdrawal rates were analyzed. Furthermore, the correlation between Hb and annual rate of urinary volume decline was also investigated. Results: The median PD duration was 14 months, and 37 patients withdrew from PD during the mean follow-up period of 37.5 months. PD withdrawal rate was higher in the Hb<11 g/dL group (Log-rank test p=0.02). In the COX proportional hazards model, Hb was also a significant factor associated with PD withdrawal even after adjustment for patient background (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.99, p=0.04). In addition, Hb was negatively correlated with the subsequent annual rate of urinary volume decline (r=-0.34, p=0.02). Conclusions: Anemia is a risk factor for PD withdrawal in stable PD patients through residual renal function decline.