Objectives: Peritoneal dialysis (PD), a home-based therapy, offers more flexibility and autonomy to patients than in-center hemodialysis (HD). However, there is sparse data on caregiver burden in these patients (compared to HD) from developing countries. Methods: The study included caregivers of patients following up regularly in the dialysis clinic of a tertiary referral government hospital in Western India. Those established on a specific dialysis modality (PD or HD) for at least three months were enrolled. Patients requiring hospitalization for any intercurrent illness/dialysis complication were excluded. A modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to assess the family's socio-economic status. Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS), a 22-item questionnaire with a five-item response set, was administered to one caregiver of each enrolled patient. Predictors of burden were calculated using regression analysis. Results: We included a total of 50 caregivers, out of which 20 were patients on PD and 30 were patients on HD. The mean age of PD caregivers was 35.4 ± 9.7 years, and 40% were females. The mean age of HD caregivers was 45.1 ± 13.5 years, and 50% were females. Low caregiver burden was seen in 65% of PD vs. 40% (p value = 0.08), mild to moderate burden was seen in 20% of PD versus 40% in HD (p-value = 0.13), moderate to severe burden was seen in 15% in PD vs. 20% in HD p value = 0.65. Access-related complications independently predicted moderate to severe burden. The caregiver’s lower age independently predicted moderate to severe burden in the whole cohort (p = 0.015, RR 0.93 95%CI 0.85, 0.98). Conclusions: Chronic dialysis is associated with significant caregivers with no difference in PD versus HD. Caregivers with lower age are at higher risk of moderate to severe caregiver burden.