Background and Objectives: Anemia is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and albuminuria is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with CKD independent of estimated GFR (eGFR). We assessed the association of urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and eGFR with anemia. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of baseline data collected from KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD). Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify albuminuria as an independent risk factor for anemia, and prevalence ratios for anemia were calculated by cross-categorization of ACR and eGFR. Results: Among 1,056 patients, the mean age was 53.1±12.4 years, and the mean eGFR and ACR were 54.6±29.56 ml/min per 1.73m2 and 733 mg/g, respectively. Anemia was present in 40.5% and transferrin saturation (TSAT) was <20% in 17.3% of the population. CKD patients with anemia were older and more likely to be women, have lower eGFR, and have diabetes, as cause of CKD, than CKD patients without anemia. Higher odds of anemia were observed in TSAT <20%, highest and lowest quintile of serum ferritin. The prevalence of anemia increased according to level of ACR, even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), current smoking, cause of CKD, use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA), TSAT, ferritin. Compared to the reference group with ACR <30 mg/g and eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1.73m2, albuminuria and eGFR were independently associated with anemia. Conclusion: An independent, graded association was observed between a high ACR and the risk of anemia.