Background: Infection is a common cause of hospitalization in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, there are few data about the association between infection-related hospitalization and clinical outcomes in PD patients. In this study, we investigated the influence of infection-related hospitalization on clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients Methods: A total of 583 incident PD patients were included from the Clinical Research Center registry for End Stage Renal Disease, a prospective observational cohort study in Korea. Primary outcome is all-cause mortality following infection-related hospitalization within 1 year at the time of initiation of PD. Secondary outcome is technical failure following infection-related hospitalization within 1year at the time of initiation of PD. Results: Seventy-six patients were admitted due to infection within 1year at the time of initiation of PD. The median follow-up period was 29 months. In the multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that infection-related hospitalization within 1year at the time of initiation of PD was independently significant risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR 2.38, 95% CI, 1.03-5.52, p=0.043) and technical failure (HR 3.23, 95% CI, 1.89-5.51, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that early infection-related hospitalization after initiation of PD was associated with significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and technical failure in PD patients.