Objectives: Vitamin D receptor expressions in kidney, myocardium and also peritoneum suggest the potential role of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs). We investigated whether the selective VDRA, paricalcitol (19-nor-1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D2) suppresses rennin-angiotensin-aldosteron system (RAAS), and thus reduces cardiovascular inflammation and fibrosis as well as peritoneal pathology of 5/6 nephrectomy rat model on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; Sham operated normal control (group A), 5/6 nephrectomized ESRD control (group B), 5/6 nephrectomy with PD (group C), same as group C and paricalcitol (200 ng IP, three times/week) (group D). PD was performed for 4 weeks via silicone peritoneal catheter implanted into rat peritoneal cavity and tunneled subcutaneously. Results: After 4 weeks of PD, BUN and serum creatinine in group C and D were decreased (p<0.05 vs. group B). D/P urea in group C and D were significantly increased (p<0.05). Paricalcitol treatment (group D) increased E-cadherin, and decreased αSMA and TGF-β significantly (p<0.05, vs. group C). Peritoneal fibrosis scores and neovascularization in group D were decreased (p=NS vs. group C). Peritoneal inflammation scores, thickness(μm) and αSMA staining in group D were decreased (p<0.05 vs. group C). Moreover, myocardial fibrosis scores and aortic inflammation scores were decreased in group D (p<0.05 vs. group C). Conclusions: A selective VDRA, paricalcitol attenuates cardiovascular as well as peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis of 5/6 nephrectomy rat model on PD.