Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a commonly used drug for treatment with hyperkalemia. There are many side effects such as anorexia, constipation, fecal impaction, vomiting, bezoar formation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrointestinal ulcer, intestinal necrosis, intestinal perforation, and ischemic colitis. However, there is a few reports about hair loss associated with polystyrene sulfonate treatment. Here, we report a case of 79-year-old male patient with chronic kidney disease who experienced hair loss that appeared after the administration of polystyrene sulfonate. His hair re-grew after discontinuation of polystyrene sulfonate, indicating that hair loss was induced by polystyrene sulfonate. In reviewing the literature, there have been a few reports of hair loss after administration of sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the hair loss is unclear, hair loss may be a side effect of the polystyrene sulfonate therapy. A 79-year-old male patient was diagnosed as a chronic kidney disease. Laboratory tests revealed chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine of 5.5 mg/dL, BUN of 58 mg/dL) and hyperkalemia (5.3 mmol/L). Polystyrene sulfonate was administered to decrease serum levels of potassium. He developed telogen effluvium 1 month after the introduction of polystyrene sulfonate with no other significant side effects. No other associated risk factors for hair loss could be identified. We have serious doubts about treatment with polystyrene sulfonate and the drug was discontinued. Three months later, his excessive hair loss completely disappeared, and he was content to have his usual hair volume again.