Abstract Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis (XO) of chest wall in kidney transplantation patient is very rare. A 41-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation on 4 years ago. He complained of chest wall mass on 2 weeks ago at admission. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed that the periosseous heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass (7.8 x 4.2 cm) with aggravated focal osteolytic bone lesion in adjacent sternal end of left clavicle and irregular and destructive osteolytic bone lesion in left side of sternal manubrium. Microscopic examination obtained from a percutaneous biopsy specimen demonstrated the fibrocollageous tissue showing dense histiocytic infiltration and diffuse inflammatory cells infiltration. The Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was initial diagnosed. A total mass resection with clavicle and sternum partial resection were done. Microscopic examination obtained from a surgical specimen demonstrated the xanthogranulomatous inflammation. The patient and graft successfully treated to the mass with surgical resection of  XO lesion.